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boom

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gravity is the force that pulls people

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gravity is the force that pulls people
 

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gravity is the force that pulls people
and objects toward the earth's surface

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without gravity sitting in a chair or

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without gravity sitting in a chair or
 

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without gravity sitting in a chair or
walking down stairs would be difficult

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walking down stairs would be difficult
 

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walking down stairs would be difficult
for example

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for example
 

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for example
when you drop a ball at any point on

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when you drop a ball at any point on
 

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when you drop a ball at any point on
earth it will always fall straight down

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earth it will always fall straight down
 

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earth it will always fall straight down
that is gravity at work pulling the ball

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that is gravity at work pulling the ball
 

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that is gravity at work pulling the ball
towards the earth's surface

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towards the earth's surface
 

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towards the earth's surface
but there is a difference between

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but there is a difference between
 

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but there is a difference between
dropping and throwing a ball

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dropping and throwing a ball
 

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dropping and throwing a ball
when a ball is thrown it still falls to

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when a ball is thrown it still falls to
 

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when a ball is thrown it still falls to
earth but lands at a point further away

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earth but lands at a point further away
 

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earth but lands at a point further away
from where it was thrown

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from where it was thrown
 

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from where it was thrown
if a ball could be thrown with enough

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if a ball could be thrown with enough
 

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if a ball could be thrown with enough
forward velocity

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forward velocity
 

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forward velocity
it would fall around the earth creating

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it would fall around the earth creating
 

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it would fall around the earth creating
a low earth orbit

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a low earth orbit
 

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a low earth orbit
like the ball the space shuttle is

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like the ball the space shuttle is
 

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like the ball the space shuttle is
actually in a continuous fall around the

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actually in a continuous fall around the
 

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actually in a continuous fall around the
earth

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earth
 

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earth
astronauts and objects inside the

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astronauts and objects inside the
 

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astronauts and objects inside the
shuttle are falling at exactly the same

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shuttle are falling at exactly the same
 

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shuttle are falling at exactly the same
rate as the shuttle

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rate as the shuttle
 

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rate as the shuttle
thus creating the effects of

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thus creating the effects of
 

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thus creating the effects of
weightlessness

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weightlessness
 

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weightlessness
imagine an astronaut in an elevator on

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imagine an astronaut in an elevator on
 

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imagine an astronaut in an elevator on
earth

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earth
 

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earth
the elevator is going to the top of a

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the elevator is going to the top of a
 

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the elevator is going to the top of a
very tall building

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very tall building
 

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very tall building
suddenly when he reaches the top the

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suddenly when he reaches the top the
 

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suddenly when he reaches the top the
cable breaks

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cable breaks
 

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cable breaks
the elevator begins to fall

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the elevator begins to fall
 

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the elevator begins to fall
inside the car the astronaut begins to

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inside the car the astronaut begins to
 

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inside the car the astronaut begins to
float he is weightless

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float he is weightless
 

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float he is weightless
if he had an apple it would float too

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if he had an apple it would float too
 

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if he had an apple it would float too
that is because the car the astronaut

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that is because the car the astronaut
 

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that is because the car the astronaut
and the apple are falling at the same

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and the apple are falling at the same
 

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and the apple are falling at the same
rate of speed

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rate of speed
 

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rate of speed
you may have experienced moments on

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you may have experienced moments on
 

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you may have experienced moments on
earth when the effects of gravity seem

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earth when the effects of gravity seem
 

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earth when the effects of gravity seem
to disappear

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to disappear
 

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to disappear
such as when you bounce on a trampoline

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or crest the hill on a roller coaster

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scientists can take advantage of a

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scientists can take advantage of a
 

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scientists can take advantage of a
reduced gravity environment to isolate

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reduced gravity environment to isolate
 

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reduced gravity environment to isolate
the effects gravity has on physical

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the effects gravity has on physical
 

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the effects gravity has on physical
chemical and biological processes

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chemical and biological processes
 

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chemical and biological processes
a better understanding of these

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a better understanding of these
 

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a better understanding of these
processes can be achieved by studying

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processes can be achieved by studying
 

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processes can be achieved by studying
phenomena usually obscured by the

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phenomena usually obscured by the
 

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phenomena usually obscured by the
effects of gravity

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effects of gravity
 

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effects of gravity
on earth scientists utilize specialized

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on earth scientists utilize specialized
 

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on earth scientists utilize specialized
facilities such as drop towers and

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facilities such as drop towers and
 

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facilities such as drop towers and
aircraft in parabolic dive sequences to

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aircraft in parabolic dive sequences to
 

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aircraft in parabolic dive sequences to
test experiments for a few seconds at a

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test experiments for a few seconds at a
 

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test experiments for a few seconds at a
time in an environment which is

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time in an environment which is
 

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time in an environment which is
approximately 1 100th of the earth's

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approximately 1 100th of the earth's
 

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approximately 1 100th of the earth's
normal gravity level

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normal gravity level
 

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normal gravity level
however many experiments require even

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however many experiments require even
 

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however many experiments require even
smaller gravity levels and longer

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smaller gravity levels and longer
 

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smaller gravity levels and longer
durations of free fall that cannot be

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durations of free fall that cannot be
 

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durations of free fall that cannot be
achieved in these earth-based facilities

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achieved in these earth-based facilities
 

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achieved in these earth-based facilities
in the constant microgravity environment

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in the constant microgravity environment
 

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in the constant microgravity environment
of low earth orbit

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of low earth orbit
 

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of low earth orbit
researchers have found that experiments

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researchers have found that experiments
 

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researchers have found that experiments
in biotechnology

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in biotechnology
 

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in biotechnology
fluid dynamics and material science have

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fluid dynamics and material science have
 

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fluid dynamics and material science have
produced dramatically different results

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produced dramatically different results
 

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produced dramatically different results
than ground-based research

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than ground-based research
 

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than ground-based research
one example of this can be seen by

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one example of this can be seen by
 

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one example of this can be seen by
examining crystals grown in a

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examining crystals grown in a
 

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examining crystals grown in a
microgravity environment

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microgravity environment
 

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microgravity environment
these crystals contain fewer flaws and

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these crystals contain fewer flaws and
 

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these crystals contain fewer flaws and
imperfections than crystals grown on

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imperfections than crystals grown on
 

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imperfections than crystals grown on
earth

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earth
 

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earth
the result

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the result
 

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the result
higher quality crystals for potential

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higher quality crystals for potential
 

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higher quality crystals for potential
applications on earth

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applications on earth
 

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applications on earth
however even in the microgravity

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however even in the microgravity
 

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however even in the microgravity
environment aboard the shuttle there are

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environment aboard the shuttle there are
 

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environment aboard the shuttle there are
other forces that may affect the results

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other forces that may affect the results
 

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other forces that may affect the results
of experiments

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of experiments
 

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of experiments
disturbances and vibrations caused by

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disturbances and vibrations caused by
 

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disturbances and vibrations caused by
thruster firings

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thruster firings
 

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thruster firings
crew movements and equipment operation

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crew movements and equipment operation
 

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crew movements and equipment operation
can mimic the effects of gravity on

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can mimic the effects of gravity on
 

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can mimic the effects of gravity on
experiment results

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experiment results
 

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experiment results
disturbances that are significant for

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disturbances that are significant for
 

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disturbances that are significant for
sensitive experiments

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sensitive experiments
 

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sensitive experiments
that may negatively affect the results

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that may negatively affect the results
 

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that may negatively affect the results
of those experiments

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of those experiments
 

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of those experiments
a simple demonstration illustrates how

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a simple demonstration illustrates how
 

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a simple demonstration illustrates how
an outside force can affect the results

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an outside force can affect the results
 

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an outside force can affect the results
of an experiment

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of an experiment
 

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of an experiment
the slightest disturbance to just one

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the slightest disturbance to just one
 

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the slightest disturbance to just one
domino will cause the others to fall

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domino will cause the others to fall
 

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domino will cause the others to fall
or try this experiment in your kitchen

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or try this experiment in your kitchen
 

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or try this experiment in your kitchen
the surface tension of a glass of water

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the surface tension of a glass of water
 

201
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the surface tension of a glass of water
will support common paper clips

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will support common paper clips
 

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will support common paper clips
when the glass is bumped the paper clips

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when the glass is bumped the paper clips
 

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when the glass is bumped the paper clips
sink to the bottom of the glass

206
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sink to the bottom of the glass
 

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sink to the bottom of the glass
in order to understand the final data

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in order to understand the final data
 

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in order to understand the final data
from an experiment conducted in

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from an experiment conducted in
 

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from an experiment conducted in
microgravity

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microgravity
 

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microgravity
these disturbances and other parameters

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these disturbances and other parameters
 

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these disturbances and other parameters
such as temperature and pressure need to

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such as temperature and pressure need to
 

217
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such as temperature and pressure need to
be measured

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be measured
 

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be measured
researchers may then use the data to

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researchers may then use the data to
 

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researchers may then use the data to
determine if unexpected results were

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determine if unexpected results were
 

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determine if unexpected results were
caused naturally or by these measured

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caused naturally or by these measured
 

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caused naturally or by these measured
outside factors

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at nasa's lewis research center in

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at nasa's lewis research center in
 

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at nasa's lewis research center in
cleveland ohio scientists and engineers

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cleveland ohio scientists and engineers
 

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cleveland ohio scientists and engineers
have developed the space acceleration

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have developed the space acceleration
 

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have developed the space acceleration
measurement system or sams to measure

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measurement system or sams to measure
 

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measurement system or sams to measure
and record vibrations and disturbances

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and record vibrations and disturbances
 

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and record vibrations and disturbances
that may alter experiment results

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that may alter experiment results
 

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that may alter experiment results
sams is designed to measure characterize

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sams is designed to measure characterize
 

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sams is designed to measure characterize
and record low gravity disturbances on

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and record low gravity disturbances on
 

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and record low gravity disturbances on
board the space shuttle

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board the space shuttle
 

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board the space shuttle
a single sams unit can monitor three

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a single sams unit can monitor three
 

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a single sams unit can monitor three
experiments directly as well as other

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experiments directly as well as other
 

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experiments directly as well as other
experiments in close proximity

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experiments in close proximity
 

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experiments in close proximity
the sams hardware consists of a main

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the sams hardware consists of a main
 

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the sams hardware consists of a main
signal processing unit

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signal processing unit
 

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signal processing unit
and three remote tri-axial sensor heads

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and three remote tri-axial sensor heads
 

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and three remote tri-axial sensor heads
the three sensors on each of these heads

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the three sensors on each of these heads
 

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the three sensors on each of these heads
detect the different disturbances and

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detect the different disturbances and
 

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detect the different disturbances and
their levels

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their levels
 

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their levels
the data is sent through cables and

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the data is sent through cables and
 

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the data is sent through cables and
stored on disks similar to the compact

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stored on disks similar to the compact
 

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stored on disks similar to the compact
discs that are found in homes today the

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discs that are found in homes today the
 

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discs that are found in homes today the
sensor heads are mounted on or near an

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sensor heads are mounted on or near an
 

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sensor heads are mounted on or near an
experiment

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experiment
 

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experiment
permitting disturbances affecting that

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permitting disturbances affecting that
 

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permitting disturbances affecting that
experiment to be sampled

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experiment to be sampled
 

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experiment to be sampled
sams has the ability to collect data up

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sams has the ability to collect data up
 

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sams has the ability to collect data up
to 20 feet away from the main unit

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to 20 feet away from the main unit
 

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to 20 feet away from the main unit
this enhances its versatility and allows

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this enhances its versatility and allows
 

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this enhances its versatility and allows
it to serve a wide variety of

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it to serve a wide variety of
 

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it to serve a wide variety of
microgravity science and technology

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microgravity science and technology
 

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microgravity science and technology
experiments

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experiments
 

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experiments
sams is scheduled to fly as part of the

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sams is scheduled to fly as part of the
 

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sams is scheduled to fly as part of the
second united states microgravity

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second united states microgravity
 

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second united states microgravity
payload mission

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payload mission
 

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payload mission
usmp2 aboard the space shuttle columbia

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usmp2 aboard the space shuttle columbia
 

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usmp2 aboard the space shuttle columbia
in march of 1994.

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in march of 1994.
 

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in march of 1994.
during this mission scientists in the

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during this mission scientists in the
 

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during this mission scientists in the
payload operations control center or

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payload operations control center or
 

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payload operations control center or
park will be able to monitor some of the

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park will be able to monitor some of the
 

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park will be able to monitor some of the
data that the sams unit is collecting in

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data that the sams unit is collecting in
 

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data that the sams unit is collecting in
real time as the disturbances are

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real time as the disturbances are
 

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real time as the disturbances are
occurring

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occurring
 

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occurring
scientists can use this information to

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scientists can use this information to
 

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scientists can use this information to
determine if adjustments need to be made

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determine if adjustments need to be made
 

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determine if adjustments need to be made
to their experiments to avoid any

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to their experiments to avoid any
 

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to their experiments to avoid any
unacceptable conditions

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unacceptable conditions
 

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unacceptable conditions
sams will support four materials science

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sams will support four materials science
 

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sams will support four materials science
experiments on the usmp2 mission

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experiments on the usmp2 mission
 

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experiments on the usmp2 mission
three of these experiments were

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three of these experiments were
 

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three of these experiments were
developed or are managed by the nassau

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developed or are managed by the nassau
 

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developed or are managed by the nassau
lewis research center

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lewis research center
 

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lewis research center
the data that sams will collect for

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the data that sams will collect for
 

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the data that sams will collect for
these experiments could lead to many

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these experiments could lead to many
 

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these experiments could lead to many
advancements in processed materials such

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advancements in processed materials such
 

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advancements in processed materials such
as improved industrial casting methods

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as improved industrial casting methods
 

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as improved industrial casting methods
the development of superconductors and

338
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the development of superconductors and
 

339
00:08:00,960 --> 00:08:03,110
the development of superconductors and
the ability to produce higher quality

340
00:08:03,110 --> 00:08:03,120
the ability to produce higher quality
 

341
00:08:03,120 --> 00:08:06,150
the ability to produce higher quality
crystals for use in commercial military

342
00:08:06,150 --> 00:08:06,160
crystals for use in commercial military
 

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00:08:06,160 --> 00:08:29,909
crystals for use in commercial military
and consumer electronic equipment

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you